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Hawai'i Skies

Today's Hawai‘i Skies was captured by Doug McLeod in Waikīkī. "Waikīkī sunset from a high floor. It was only this color for a few moments."

To submit your Hawai'i Skies photo, visit us 

25 12 26 Doug Mc Leod

<title>Hawai‘i Skies: Color takeover</title>

Today's Hawai‘i Skies was captured by Doug McLeod in Waikīkī.

Hawai‘i Skies: Color takeover

Today&#039;s Hawai‘i Skies was captured by Doug McLeod in Waikīkī. &quot;Waikīkī sunset from a high floor. It was only this color for a few moments.&quot; To submit your Hawai&#039;i Skies photo, visit us online or email: general@alohastatedaily.com

De Soto 2025

DeSoto Brown

Hawai‘i History

Columnists

Do you think about gas stations? Probably not much, until you notice that your vehicle’s fuel level is low, and you then stop at one near your home or your work. You vaguely assume gas stations have always been around and always will be. Of course that’s not true - at least that they’re always existed.

Petroleum is a natural substance produced by nature. It comes from ancient organic matter that’s been buried underground, under pressure, for millions of years. It can be burned, making it a fuel source, something that humanity continues to require increasing amounts of. But it wasn’t until the middle 1800s that anyone finally figured out that this could be done to any significant degree with the black stuff that seeped out of the ground in certain places. Gradually petroleum — oil — would come to replace wood, coal and other oils from natural sources as the go-to source to burn for power.

This development happened to conveniently coincide with the invention of the internal-combustion engines that were utilized for the first automobiles as they evolved in Europe and the USA, beginning in the 1880s. And it was gasoline in particular, which is just one of the liquids that can be refined from crude oil, that was the most useful.

The first two autos to be imported to the Hawaiian Islands arrived in 1899, and you would understandably assume that this meant that the suppliers of petroleum-based fuels like kerosene — the most useful at that time — would need to start supplying gasoline soon after. But you’d be wrong, because (perhaps surprisingly) those very early cars didn’t use it. How could that be? Simple - they were electric! That’s not a new technology, as you might think; it’s one of the first that was used for cars.

Obviously, though, it was gasoline power that would soon take over. In those very early days, though, there were no gas stations nor any gas pumps to fill up the tanks of automobiles. Gas was often delivered to retailers in large cans, from which the liquid was poured into smaller containers to eventually end up in cars. This was clearly a slow, cumbersome and inefficient process.

As automobile manufacturing exploded in the United States in the early 1900s, putting it ahead of every other nation’s per capita car ownership, the delivery of gas to individual vehicles was greatly improved with the system we use today: a large tank is installed underground, and electrically-powered pumps pull it up from below ground and then into the machines that use it. With Hawai‘i’s annexation by the USA being finalized in 1900, we naturally followed what was happening throughout the entire country, including automobile ownership and all its related activities.

It might be surprising that the first gas pumps weren’t placed as they are today. Instead, they were placed on sidewalks next to streets, meaning that cars stopped to get gas might be blocking other traffic. It took awhile for the next step to occur, which was to create a dedicated space off the streets for refueling to take place.

By the 1920s in Hawai‘i, the familiar gas station was in use. This was the same as we have today: a space with a building whose roof protects one or two islands on which several gas pumps are installed. The pump hoses and handles can be used for vehicles stopped on either side, which accommodates more cars at one time, and everything is moved safely off the street and away from traffic and pedestrians.

The oil companies that owned the gas stations often wanted two things for their facilities. First, they preferred to use a standardized architectural style that made their brand’s buildings quickly recognizable to motorists, in hopes of creating customer loyalty. This was particularly because, until the 1980s, there were no credit cards that could be used universally for any kind of purchase. Drivers had to carry a different credit card for each specific gas company, making them more likely to seek out a particular brand where they could charge their purchase. And secondly, oil companies also wanted their stations to be somewhat attractive, particularly in residential areas where neighbors might be critical of an industrial-looking structure.

A feature of gas stations for decades were the small colored triangular flags that fluttered from overhead ropes above the properties. In use since at least 1940 for special events, by the 1960s these flags were strung up continuously and were an easy way to spot a station as you approached. 

Into the early 2000s, motorists expected a number of free services to be provided for their cars each time they got gas. First, and most importantly, only employees actually pumped gas. This was partly because the process could be a little grimy and customers did not want to dirty their hands, but also because gasoline was so flammable — and so many people still smoked at that time — that allowing unsupervised handling of the fuel was potentially dangerous. But in addition, windshields were wiped while oil levels were checked under the hood. Tire pressures were confirmed, with air being added if required. As gas prices began to rise abruptly in the 1970s, though, stations began to cut back on such amenities and to gradually shift to self service exclusively.

Possibly the biggest change in the gas station business, however, was the complete abandonment of selling car parts (including batteries and tires) along with actually repairing vehicles. This had been a long-established part of the industry and customers often dropped off their cars for such work at their favorite station. The loss of this service was partly due to the increasing complexity of car engines, but possibly more important was the decision by oil companies to simplify their work - just stick to selling gas and drop all the other stuff. Today, the older station buildings that are still in use have long since repurposed their former service bays into convenience stores, and now gas customers are entirely on their own to fill their own vehicles.

1 Gas map 76 16x9

<title>How Hawai‘i got its gas stations</title>

Strange but true — at one time, horse-drawn carriages delivered supplies of gasoline around O‘ahu, and fuel pumps were often located by the side of the road for motorists running on empty. As gas-powered cars became more common, a new kind of building emerged in the Islands — the gas station. Guess which famous waterman owned one in Waikīkī!

How Hawai‘i got its gas stations

Lopaka and Tanya Kapanui

Lopaka Kapanui and Tanya Kapanui

After the abolition of the kapu system in 1819, many heiau were damaged or dismantled. Some of their ki‘i (god images) were destroyed, while others were hidden or taken into private collections. For a long time, Hawaiian history was relegated to books, Hawaiian-language newspapers, and word of mouth.

Restoring an ancient Hawaiian site is about much more than putting stones back where they once stood. These places can tell us how generations of Hawaiians lived, farmed, worshipped, and cared for the ‘āina. They give us something tangible to learn from, especially when so much of the physical landscape has changed.

When places like these are respectfully restored, it can help Hawaiians reclaim and preserve a meaningful part of their cultural heritage. It can also provide a space where younger generations can learn about their ancestors, traditional practices, and the responsibilities that come with caring for wahi pana (storied places).

Despite its current dry, rugged environment, Mākaha Valley once contained settlements of people among an agricultural landscape. Investigations have documented hundreds of archaeological features throughout the valley, including stone walls, terraces, and water-diversion structures that allowed the cultivation of hardy crops like ‘uala (sweet potatoes) and uhi (yams). Archaeological evidence shows that people lived in the valley as early as AD 1120, based in part on radiocarbon dating.

[{"type":"text","text":"Kāneʻākī Heiau was an important part of that landscape."}]

While the abandonment of traditional kapu caused many heiau to be destroyed or fall into disrepair, Kāne‘ākī was once documented as one of the best-preserved heiau on O‘ahu. Perhaps its location in the very back of Mākaha Valley offered some protection. Later archaeological work showed researchers that Kāne‘ākī was not built all at once. Instead, it developed through six recognizable construction stages, beginning with a simple temple dedicated to Lono and agriculture and becoming progressively larger and more elaborate.

Researchers believe the final transformation and expansion of Kāne‘ākī occurred under Kamehameha I, who may have ordered its transition to a luakini (sacrificial) heiau dedicated to Kū. He may have done this to ensure victory in his final conquest of Kaua‘i.

Modern restoration of Kāne‘ākī began in 1969 under the supervision of Bishop Museum, with support from the Mākaha Historical Foundation. Because no surviving detailed description or drawing showed exactly what the haieu looked like, those who led the restoration process had to rely on knowledge of other heiau and the archaeological remains found in the valley. Pu‘ukoholā Heiau served as a model for some of the hale (houses) and ki‘i (images), while postholes discovered in the original stone platform supported the placement of the structures.

The reconstruction was completed in 1970, but the efforts were not just about bringing a forgotten ruin back to life. Projects like these are about allowing the mana (spiritual essence) of this wahi pana to tell its own history.

Today, Kāneʻākī Heiau is located within Mauna ʻOlu Estates, a private, gated community in Mākaha Valley. Although the site still holds cultural significance for the Hawaiian community, outsiders have limited access to the heiau and need permission to go beyond the gates. Still, its location within a modern residential community is simply another chapter in the valley’s long history.

Places like this often have stories that linger, and Kāneʻākī is no exception. Alongside its archaeological and cultural history are accounts of unusual experiences connected with the heiau and the surrounding valley. And that brings us to another chapter in the story of Kāneʻākī.

A woman who attended one of our tours a few years ago told me she lived in the gated community of Mauna ‘Olu Estates. She explained that one night, while she was home alone, she heard an unusual pounding sound. She said despite what anyone else suggested, she knew it wasn’t simply a car playing loud music on huge speakers with the bass pounding.

But the sound she heard was a cacophony of drums that felt like they were pulsating right in her ears. Then it became cavernous, like it was fading into the depths of a well with no bottom. Then another wave came; as soon as one drum sound faded, another rose right on top of it.

The sound kept going until it crashed through her living room and went through the front door. It felt like she’d been in a tornado, except when she looked around, nothing was out of order. She thought she’d lost her mind and told her husband once he got home. Because there was no physical evidence to support what his wife described, her husband found it hard to believe her. That is, until later in the year, when it happened a second time. This time the woman’s husband was home, and he experienced the dramatic crashing sound of deep cavernous drums himself.

But the husband’s experience was a little different. He said he also heard men’s voices speaking in an urgent tone. The husband is not from Hawai‘i, so he didn’t recognize the language, but based on a few sounds he was able to mimic, his wife believed it was Hawaiian.

She had no idea that Kāne‘ākī Heiau was at the back of the valley. I briefly explained some of the history of the heiau, and she sighed, as if the wind had been knocked out of her sails.

[{"type":"text","text":"“That would explain it,” she muttered."}]

Her description sounds like she and her husband encountered the huaka‘i pō. Their tale corroborates stories I’ve been told by some elders in Mākaha about the night marchers’ procession that walked through the valley long before Mauna ‘Olu Estates was originally developed.

The woman contacted me a month later, saying that she and her husband went up to visit Kāne‘ākī Heiau, where she brought flower lei that she made herself. With her lei and a prayer, she said she had nothing to do with where her house was built and that she and her husband meant no disrespect in living there. Then, as they walked back to their home, they noticed that many of the houses had stone walls around their properties that looked hand-set, like the ones at Kāne‘ākī.

She asked me, “Do you think the heiau still has influence over this neighborhood?”

Who’s to say, really? Whatever mana they may encounter could be from the heiau, or it might be from hundreds of years of life and death in that quiet valley on the west side of O‘ahu.

Kii at kaneaki 2010

<title>Drums of Kāne‘ākī</title>

In the back of Mākaha Valley stands Kāneʻākī Heiau, a temple built and enlarged many times by Native Hawaiians and restored in 1969. It is believed to have started out as devoted to the god Lono and agriculture, and King Kamehameha dedicated it to Kū, god of war. The heiau is difficult to access now, surrounded by the gated community of Mauna ʻOlu Estates, but residents there report that it has ways of making its presence known.

Drums of Kāne‘ākī

Christian Shimabuku Headshot

Christian Shimabuku

Sports

On Tuesday afternoon, the O‘ahu Hawaiian Canoe Racing Association announced that it was canceling the 2026 Na Wahine O Ke Kai, which was set for Sunday morning. 

The OHCRA's race committee reviewed a developing storm system heading toward the Islands and the impact it would have on the ocean, wind, and logistics of the event before making the call. 

, takes place across the Ka‘iwi Channel, a 40.8-mile trek from Molokai to O‘ahu. 

“This decision is not a reflection of our paddlers’ ability to navigate the Kaiwi Channel,” OHCRA race director Kapuni Patcho said in a statement. “These women are among the strongest and most accomplished paddlers in the world. Our responsibility, however, extends to everyone required to make this race possible — from our paddlers and escort crews to our officials, volunteers, partners and the Molokai community.”

Holding the event also depends on a fleet of escort boats that first must make it to Molokai for the beginning of the race. Safety considerations in doing so were also a major consideration for OHCRA.

“A channel race begins well before the paddlers cross the starting line,” said assistant race director Luana Froiseth. “We must consider whether the entire escort fleet can travel safely, get into position and provide the support each crew may need. Looking at the complete operational picture, caution is the responsible decision.”

OHCRA also says another determining factor was the desire to protect Molokai's limited emergency and community resources in the event of severe weather. 

The 2026 Na Wahine O Ke Kai was the penultimate event of the OHCRA season. The Molokai Hoe is scheduled for Oct. 11, though OHCRA says it will also monitor conditions prior to the race. 

Team Bradley won the 2025 Na Wahine O Ke Kai

. The race itself commemorated 50 years of 

OHCRA 092226

<title>OHCRA cancels 2026 Na Wahine O Ke Kai</title>

The 40.8-mile women's race was set for Sunday before being called off due to a storm system approaching the Islands.

OHCRA cancels 2026 Na Wahine O Ke Kai

Kelli Shiroma Braiotta Headshot

Kelli Shiroma Braiotta

Food & Dining

 is coming from Oct. 1 to 11. Fourteen Waikīkī restaurants will be featuring limited-time specials, prix fixe menus and specialty cocktails during the 11-day dining event.

The dining event includes a variety of specials from breakfast to dinner; experiences range from a $16 specialty cockatil to four-course tasting menus. Participating restaurants are located at Outrigger Reef Waikīkī Beach Resort, Outrigger Waikīkī Beachcomber Hotel, Outrigger Waikīkī Paradise Hotel, Outrigger Waikīkī Beach Resort, Embassy Suites by Hilton Waikīkī Beach Walk and Waikīkī Beach Walk.

“Flavors of Waikīkī Restaurant Week is an invitation for residents and visitors to explore the remarkable variety found within a few walkable blocks,” states Barbara Campbell, vice president of retail leasing and property management at Outrigger Hospitality Group. “These exclusive offers make October an especially rewarding time to dine in Waikīkī.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"Participating restaurants include:"}]

: This Italian eatery will offer Branzino al forno ($43), which features a whole roasted branzino with lemon, garlic and herbs, served with roasted potatoes and tomatoes. The dish will be available during lunch, happy hour and dinner. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Blue Note Hawaiʻi"}]

: Customers can enjoy a limited-time appetizer of four shrimp spring rolls with a sweet chili pineapple sauce. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Cajun Crab Waikīkī"}]

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Duke’s Waikīkī"}]

: With the purchase of two prime rib buffet dinners, customers will receive a complimentary signature Hula pie. The buffet dinner costs $64 per adult and $24 per child; available at dinner only. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Giovanni Pastrami"}]

: The sports bar will feature a three-course meal ($55):

This three-course menu is available during lunch, happy hour and dinner.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Hula Grill Waikīkī"}]

: The restaurant will feature an early dinner tasting menu from 4:45 to 6 p.m. The four-course menu ($46) includes:

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Kani Ka Pila Grille"}]

: Lunch specials will include seared ‘ahi salad and Local Boy kalua pizza. The featured five-course Taste of Kani Ka Pila Grille dinner ($79) includes ‘ahi crudo, Rockefeller croquette, miso-glazed island fresh catch, red wine-braised beef and a warm cinnamon knot. An optional five-drink cocktail pairing ($45) will also be available. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Liliha Bakery"}]

: Liliha Bakery’s four-course prix fixe menu ($77) will feature local favorites and signature offerings. The menu will include butter rolls with Liliha jelly, a bowl of clam chowder, 10-ounce carved prime rib with a 5-ounce lobster tail, and the original Coco Puff.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Maui Brewing Co. Waikīkī"}]

: Enjoy double-cooked mochiko chicken with garlic-shoyu glaze and Sriracha ranch ($18), along with an optional 16-ounce glass of Bikini Blonde ($7). This special is available during lunch and dinner. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Pakini Bar"}]

: Pakini Bar & Lounge is located on the fourth floor grand lanai at the Embassy Suites by Hilton Waikīkī Beach Walk. Enjoy a creamy pumpkin pina colada ($18) topped with whipped cream, a graham cracker crust, fresh pineapple and a cinnamon stick. A non-alcoholic version ($12) will also be available.

The drink will be available from noon to 8 p.m. Monday through Thursday and from 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. Friday through Sunday. 

embassysuiteswaikiki.com/amenities/pakini-bar-and-lounge

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Roy’s Waikīkī"}]

: This special three-course dinner ($72) will include:

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Ruth’s Chris Steak House"}]

: The steakhouse’s special Flavors of Waikīkī four-course menu ($75 to $85) will include:

This featured menu will be available during happy hour and dinner. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Tanaka of Tokyo"}]

: Diners can enjoy a specialty surf and turf dinner ($75) comprising a 6-ounce cut of A5 Japanese wagyu striploin from Toriyama Cattle Farm, paired with a cold-water lobster tail. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Taormina Sicilian Cuisine"}]

: The eatery, known for its Sicilian cuisine, will feature a Flavors of Waikīkī four-course menu ($68) for a limited time. It includes:

This four-course menu will be available during dinner only. 

Flavors of Waikiki Ruths Chris 092026

<title>Flavors of Waikīkī Restaurant Week is coming in October</title>

Fourteen Waikīkī restaurants will feature limited-time specials and prix fixe menus during this new, 11-day dining event.

Flavors of Waikīkī Restaurant Week is coming in October

Higa headshot white shirt square

Sterling Higa

Government & Politics

Civil Beat reported that Republicans in the state House are one seat short of a threshold. Cross it this November, and House rules let them force floor votes on bills the majority would rather leave in committee.

 treated this as news, and it is. A minority that can make the majority take public stands on hard questions is a minority with a tool.

Whether it is a minority with a plan is a different matter. Handing a caucus a procedural weapon is a little like handing a neighbor a chainsaw. It’s a tool, yes. But what does he mean to do with it?

The problem with Hawaiʻi Republicans is a focus on tactics in the absence of a clear goal and sound strategy.

Suppose you are going for a drive. A goal is the destination you are trying to reach. A strategy is the route. A tactic is the turn you take at the next light. 

Once the destination is set (Costco), the route is unlikely to change (drive east), though the turns may, depending on traffic. Then you arrive and find Costco closed, and you learn something. Costco was never the goal. The goal was toilet paper. Off to Walmart!

Most of us manage this on a Saturday morning and lose the ability the moment we enter politics.

Forced floor votes are a tactic. They earn their keep only under certain conditions. The vote has to pin an opponent to a position he would rather not be seen holding. Someone has to be waiting in his district to run against that position. And the threat of the vote has to be worth more than the vote itself, because a threat can be traded while a lost vote cannot. Without those, you have only caused delay and called it victory.

So what is the goal? Is the Hawaiʻi Republican Party a party for Hawaiʻi first, or a local franchise of the national brand? Is it a libertarian party, or the older conservatism of Buckley, which believed in government and merely wanted less of it? The party’s own materials do not say, and it is hard to build a strategy toward a goal nobody has agreed on. You cannot plot a route to a destination nobody has named.

Consider one representative who, for a stretch, voted no on nearly every bill that grew the government. It is fair to ask what the votes accomplished. Did the government get smaller? Did a colleague change his mind? Did a challenger somewhere get a wedge to run on?

Consider a senator whose bills to bar foreign ownership of land showed a real populist instinct and a shaky grasp of what the courts allow. The rest of the caucus left the bills alone, having guessed correctly that the base would not warm to them.

These are men who want to fight, which is more than can be said for some. But there isn’t much virtue in wanting to fight without knowing what for.

Jesus asked which king, going to war, does not first sit down and consider whether with 10,000 he can meet the one coming against him with 20,000. Smaller armies do sometimes win. Gideon’s did. The Lord cut his force from 32,000 to 300, and the 300 broke the Midianite camp in a night. But they won by doing precisely what they were told, in the way they were told to do it, and they knew whose victory it was.

Small numbers are not a handicap. Small numbers without a plan are a handicap. Small numbers that mistake noise for a plan are a gift to the other side.

A party exists to govern. Winning is the price of admission, not the prize. The Republicans will soon have a threat they can trade, but a trade requires knowing what you want in return.

Here is one answer. Government in Hawaiʻi does a great many things, most of them slowly and at great expense. But a few things are essential: airports, harbors, highways. A caucus that made itself the party of roads that get paved and harbors that get dredged could build a platform of competence rather than protest. It would also earn the trust of the people in this state who actually build things, which is where power in Hawaiʻi has always lived. It would mean trading the pleasures of opposition for the work of governing.

Such a party would focus on government doing a small number of things well. The base for such a party is already here. Hawaiʻi is aging, and its politics run more practical than radical. It mostly likes being American. It wants government smaller and the potholes filled, and sees no contradiction in that. What the party ought to stand for is a longer question, and one for another column.

Republicans may well win another seat in November. But winning a seat was never the goal.

Hawaii Republican Party logo 16x9

<title>Hawaiʻi Republicans could force House floor votes. What are they for?</title>

House Republicans are one seat from a rule that lets them force floor votes. ASD opinion columnist Sterling Higa on why a tactic without a goal is a chainsaw without a tree.

Hawaiʻi Republicans could force House floor votes. What are they for?

Square Mike Brestovansky Headshot RGZ3736 Large

Michael Brestovansky

Mauna Kea is the only possible site for the controversial Thirty Meter Telescope, after an alternate site in the Canary Islands has reportedly been nixed.

, sources within Spain’s Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities confirmed that the TMT International Observatory has rejected a bid by the Spanish government to have the long-planned telescope built on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands.

The news comes little more than a month after TMT itself 

 that Spain had proposed a “financial framework” to build the observatory on La Palma, a proposal involving multiple Spanish government agencies and the European Investment Bank. That proposed framework 

 up to €1 billion (about $1.1 billion) for the project. 

, the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities announced the rejection on Friday, but the reasons for that rejection were not publicly disclosed.

While Mauna Kea has always been the primary site planned for TMT, La Palma had been proposed as a potential alternative. The island hosts several telescopes at its Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, as its height and equatorial position makes it well-suited for astronomy in the same way that Mauna Kea is.

 of TMT by the National Science Foundation noted that the La Palma contingency was not developed to the same level of detail as the Mauna Kea plan. 

With La Palma seemingly out of the picture, TMT’s only remaining potential site is, once again, Mauna Kea. 

But the future of the project remains murky. In 2024, the NSF named both TMT and the Giant Magellan Telescope in Chile as potential linchpins of a “U.S. Extremely Large Telescope” project, but also that only one could feasibly be funded, putting the two telescopes in competition with each other. 

 a budget request that mentioned that it was no longer considering TMT for the Extremely Large Telescope project, wiping about $1.6 billion in federal funding off the table for TMT.

 earlier this year stipulating that NSF continue to consider both TMT and the Giant Magellan Telescope through its final review process, although no funding for either project was guaranteed in that bill. 

Meanwhile, Gov. Josh Green and the state’s Congressional delegation have 

 TMT to consider building the observatory in the footprint of a previously existing telescope on Mauna Kea, rather than on untouched summit land. TMT project manager Fengchuan Liu told the Mauna Kea Stewardship and Oversight Authority in April that this could be feasible.

Kerry Slater, vice president of communications for TMT International Observatory, confirmed to Aloha State Daily that the observatory declined Spain's financing terms. Slater added that the observatory "remains committed to respectful engagement with Native Hawaiian and Hawai‘i communities."

Hawai‘i Skies: Color takeover

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Hawai‘i Skies: Color takeover

Authors

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